Which two forms of behaviorism are primarily recognized?

The two primary forms of behaviorism recognized in the field of psychology are Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. Classical Conditioning, introduced by Ivan Pavlov, involves learning through associations between stimuli. For example, Pavlov's famous experiment demonstrated that dogs could learn to associate the sound of a bell with the presentation of food, leading them to salivate at the sound alone.

Operant Conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner, refers to learning that occurs based on the consequences of behavior, where behaviors can be reinforced or punished. This form of conditioning emphasizes the role of rewards and punishments in shaping actions; for instance, a behavior followed by a positive reinforcement (like praise) is more likely to be repeated, while a behavior followed by a punishment is less likely to occur.

Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning are foundational concepts in behaviorism, establishing the framework for understanding how behaviors are acquired and maintained. Both forms highlight the mechanisms through which learning occurs, which is pertinent in various applications, including treatment strategies for addiction and behavior modification.

The other choices mention Cognitive Behaviorism, Social Learning, Pavlovian Conditioning, and Observational Learning, which, while important, either stem from or build upon the foundational principles laid out by Classical and Operant